The Global Commission on Drug Policy acknowledges the arrest of former Philippine President Rodrigo Duterte, who was detained at Manila’s international airport on March 11, 2025, following an arrest warrant issued by the International Criminal Court (ICC) for crimes against humanity linked to his anti-drug campaign.

During his presidency from 2016 to 2022, Duterte’s “war on drugs” led to thousands of deaths, with official reports citing over 6,200 fatalities in police operations, while human rights organizations estimate the toll to be significantly higher. Many victims were from marginalized communities, deprived of due process, and their deaths have had enduring impacts on families and societal trust.

This arrest underscores the systemic failures of punitive drug policies. Evidence indicates that criminalizing and militarizing drug policy disproportionately affects vulnerable populations, perpetuates violence, and undermines public health initiatives. The ICC’s action highlights the urgent need to transition from repressive drug policies to evidence-based, health-centered, and human rights-respecting approaches.

Globally, the consequences of the “war on drugs” have been severe: escalating incarceration rates, widespread human rights violations, and persistent public health crises. The Global Commission on Drug Policy advocates for evidence-based strategies that tackle the root causes of drug-related challenges – poverty, inadequate healthcare access, and social marginalization – while upholding human dignity.

We urge governments worldwide to reflect on the lessons from the Philippines and reject policies that prioritize punishment over progress. Drug policy reform is a matter of justice, public health, and humanity. The Global Commission on Drug Policy stands firmly with those affected by extrajudicial killings and continues to promote humane, effective responses to drug-related issues through international dialogue and evidence-based advocacy.

For further insights and recommendations, see our report, “Beyond Punishment: From Criminal Justice Responses to Drug Policy Reform” available at globalcommissionondrugs.org/reports.